The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors is set to vote Tuesday on whether to return a scenic and valuable parcel of Manhattan Beach land to the descendants of a Black couple who once operated a beach resort there — before the city condemned and seized the site to force them out of business.
Acting on a motion by Supervisor Janice Hahn, the board will take two votes: one to direct the county’s chief executive officer to come up with a plan to return the property to the family, and another to sponsor Senate Bill 796, legislation required to make the transfer possible.
The state legislation is a key procedural step that opens the door to county action.
“This was an injustice inflicted upon not just Willa and Charles Bruce — but generations of their descendants who almost certainly would have been millionaires if they had been able to keep this property and their successful business,” Hahn said in a statement. “When I realized that the county now had ownership of the Bruce’s original property, I felt there was nothing else to do but give the property back to the direct descendants of Willa and Charles Bruce.”
Transferring a portion of what is known as Bruce’s Beach requires state legislation to remove restrictions on the land, which now houses the county’s lifeguard training center.
Sen. Steve Bradford, D-Gardena, chairman of the Legislative Black Caucus, has championed the necessary legislation in Sacramento.
“Sadly, the Bruce story is not unique here in California or across this nation,” Bradford said during a news conference with Hahn in Manhattan Beach earlier this month.
The public seizure of the Bruce’s Beach property has long stained the history of the seaside community, particularly in the past year amid a nationwide reckoning on racial injustice.
It was 1912 when Willa and Charles Bruce purchased land for $1,225. They eventually added some other parcels and created a beach resort catering to Black residents, who had few options at the time for enjoying time along the California coast.
Complete with a bath house, dance hall and cafe, the resort attracted other Black families who purchased adjacent land and created what they hoped would be a ocean-view retreat.
But the resort quickly became a target of the area’s white populace, leading to acts of vandalism, attacks on vehicles of Black visitors and even a 1920 attack by the Ku Klux Klan.
The Bruces were undeterred and continued operating their small enclave, but under increasing pressure, the city moved to condemn their property and other surrounding parcels in 1924, seizing it through eminent domain under the pretense of planning to build a city park.
The resort was forced out of business, and the Bruces and other Black families ultimately lost their land in 1929.
The families sued, claiming they were the victims of a racially motivated removal campaign. The Bruces were eventually awarded some damages, as were other displaced families. But the Bruces were unable to reopen their resort anywhere else in town.
Despite the city claiming the land was needed for a city park, the property sat vacant for decades. It was not until 1960 that a park was built on a portion of the seized land, with city officials fearing the evicted families could take new legal action if the property wasn’t used for the purpose for which it was seized.
The exact parcel of land the Bruces owned was transferred to the state, and then to the county in 1995. It currently houses the county’s Lifeguard Training Center.
The city park that now sits on a portion of the land seized by the city has borne a variety of names over the years. But it was not until 2006 that the city agreed to rename the park “Bruce’s Beach” in honor of the evicted family. That honor, however, has been derided by critics as a hollow gesture toward the family.
After hours of public comment and debate earlier this month, the Manhattan Beach City Council adopted a resolution acknowledging and condemning the city’s actions of a century ago involving Bruce’s Beach and agreeing to install new historical markers at the site.
But the resolution did not include an apology to the families, which included Black property owners Major George Prioleau and Mrs. Ethel Prioleau, Elizabeth Patterson, Mary R. Sanders and Milton and Anna Johnson, in addition to the Bruces, according to Councilman Steve Napolitano, who co-chaired a task force considering the issue and who proposed such an apology.
The local Easy Reader News reported that Napolitano shared a 1945 article published in the Redondo Reflex newspaper by Frank Doherty, a councilman at the time the land was seized.
A descendant of the Bruce family, Chief Duane Yellowfeather Shepard, lashed out at the council during its announcement, making it clear the family would be pursuing legal action to be fully reimbursed for the seizure of the land, along with restitution for lost earnings from what the resort would have earned over the past century, along with “punitive damages for the institutional racism in this city that railroaded our family out of here.”
He praised Hahn for taking action, saying she “realized that injustice, a violation of the human rights of Americans, has occurred.”
Shepard said, “We reserve our rights on this Earth to be men, to be women, to be human beings, to be given the rights of human beings, to be given the respect of human beings in this country, in this day, in this society and in this damn city.”
The county may request the right to lease back the land where the training center sits from the family or decide to relocate the facility, according to Hahn.
Source: NBC Los Angeles
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